|
A Brief History of Bosnia
The political, religious and racial unrest in Bosnia
goes back over 2500
years and spans the Roman Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Austro-Hungarian
empire and more recently the rise of nationalism and the demise of the
communist empire. The former Yugoslavia is made up of six countries -
Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and the Federation of
Bosnia and Herzogovina. The present troubles started in 1980 with the death
of President Tito, the former partisan leader and communist leader of
Yugoslavia. Following his death Slobodan Milosevic of Serbia overthrew
Tito's elected successor and made a bid for control of the country. In 1991
Slovenia and Croatia broke away from the stranglehold that Serbia was
trying to place over the former Yugoslavia and between 1991 and 1992 a
brief war, focusing on the Serbian populated part of Croatia around the
town of Knin, took place. In 1992 Croatia and Serbia negotiated a peace
deal.
The civil war that destroyed Bosnia
was one of the bloodiest and most
brutal ever seen in Europe. With the Serbs intent on ethnically cleansing
Bosnia of its Muslim population many horrific atrocities were committed as
approximately 200,000 innocent people were massacred, towns and
villages, once thriving communities, were cleared and houses, shops, hotels
and factories were destroyed as the Serbs tried to rid Bosnia of the
Muslims. No one side won and all that it achieved was to destroy families,
livelihoods and communities and tear the country apart.
War is frightening, but to see the
results of civil war, where a country turns in on itself, really is
quite horrifying. What made this war worse was that Yugoslavia is a
European country, 1500 miles from Britain. To see a European country
in which Croatians, Serbs and Bosniacs had integrated, inter
married, lived and worked in harmony together, descend into bitter internal conflict
has been traumatic.
Though superficially Bosnia is at peace it is a fragile peace at
best and underneath the fears and effects from the war are still
evident. Many people who were cleared
from their villages, are still afraid to return to their homes for
fear of retribution.
If you would
like a more detailed history of Bosnia - try the EUFOR website
click here
What is Bosnia like today?
Banja Luka, the second biggest
city in Bosnia has changed significantly over the last 9 years that
we have been visiting. Whereas we used to have to carry great wads
of cash to pay for fuel etc, we can now pay with a UK Debit Card.
New houses, shops, hotels and petrol stations are springing up all
over the city.
Once you leave the environs of
Banja Luka, the country areas are like a relic from a previous century.
It is a very
common sight to see rough-hewn horse drawn carts drawn by scruffy little
ponies and many of the older people still wear traditional Bosnian clothing.
It is quite common to see people scything hay manually and building
old style hay ricks.
As you drive throughout Bosnia, you
pass through many towns and villages that are full of destroyed and
gutted buildings., Most of the destroyed road bridges and
shell holes in roads and buildings have been repaired. On our latest
convoy in February 2008, we saw very encouraging signs of major mine
clearance activity near the Bosnian / Croatian border.
|